• paired air bladders, attachment of bladders strongly constricted
• coarse reticulation on body
• "rugulate-like" body
• thick cap, sometimes thicker in the middle

Picea (Spruce)

• paired air bladders closely fused to body (no constriction)
• fine reticulation on bladders
• scabrate/granulate body
• thin and even cap

Pinus (Pine)

• paired air bladders (attachment of bladders strongly constricted)
• medium retictulation on bladders
• scabrate/verrucate body
• even cap, except at margins

Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock)

• inaperturate
• verrucate

Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock)

• small bladders

GLOSSARY